The Impacts of a Subglacial Discharge Plume on Calving, Submarine Melting, and Mélange Mass Loss at Helheim Glacier, South East Greenland

Almost half of the Greenland ice sheet's mass loss occurs through iceberg calving at marine terminating glaciers. The presence buoyant subglacial discharge plumes these termini are thought to increase both submarine melting and by undercutting that consequently increases rates. Plume models used predict undercutting. However, there few observations allow relationships be tested. Here, we use airborne lidar from terminus Helheim Glacier, SE measure bulge induced surface upwelling plume. We measurements estimate plume rates using a high-resolution, three-dimensional model. Multiyear compared record camera icequake data. find no evidence suggest plume, determined its visibility surface, frequency major events also show driven directly is significantly less than events. results contribution direct plume-driven deep marine-terminating glaciers may shallower termini.